Less than $2 million of the loot has been recovered. In making a determination on a defendant's role in the offense, the sentencing court may look beyond the count of conviction to the whole of the defendant's pertinent conduct. [2], Nee's four maternal aunts had already emigrated to the US, three to Boston and one to Pittsburgh, influencing the Nee family's decision to settle in Boston. In City on a Hill, a gang of masked robbers led by Frankie Ryan (Jonathan Tucker, The Virgin Suicides) takes down an armored car. Witnesses offer conflicting accounts, Mars Voltas lead singer broke with Scientology and reunited with the band. Armored Car Robbery (1950) Passed | 67 min | Action, Adventure, Crime 6.9 Rate http://forum-region.ru/forum/away.php?s=https://www.ce-top10.com/ I didn't have an epiphany; I never sat down and had a soul searching experience in which I decided that being a criminal was my goal in life. http://www.furnitura4bizhu.ru/links/links1251.php?id=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Caught an old episode of FBI Files the other day about an armored car robbery crew in the 80s and 90s. would love to see some more on this guy. See appellee's brief at p. 36, n. 46. In late July of 1991, federal agents pinpointed DeMasis campsite, establishing regular surveillance on he and Martel. City on a Hill highlights those tensions, with Rohr bitterly complaining about officers potentially facing jail time for past offenses, and a BPD officer knocking Wards coffee out of his hands at a local shop. At this time, Nee knew that McIntyre was cooperating with federal law enforcement in re the smuggling of 7.5 tons of automatic weapons, machine guns, rocket launchers, plastic explosives, bullet proof vests, and ammunition aboard the Valhalla. Wyshak and Kelly did not charge Nee in any of these crimes, nor in the Donohue and Halloran murders. 3E1.1(a) and (b)(2). In 1972, South Boston gang boss Donald Killeen was shot to death by Mullen gang enforcers Jimmy Mantville and Tommy King, outside of his home, in suburban Framingham, Massachusetts. Those who aren't protected are fair game for retribution and 'shake-downs.' Burke, 43, told a jury in New Hampshire the same thing days later as he testified about a string of robberies, including a 1992 holdup in which two armored car guards were killed. It happened on Jan. 17, 1950 at the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston's North End. Despite relying on these witnesses to indict other associates who were present, the US Attorneys decided not to indict Nee or Martorano. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. He had not been a suspect in those slayings. David Ryan, a paid confidential government informant, and the government's principal witness at trial, aided in the investigation. A court may find a defendant to be a manager or supervisor when he exercised some degree of control over others involved in the commission of the crime or he [was] responsible for organizing others for the purpose of carrying out the crime. See Ovalle-Mrquez, 36 F.3d at 225 (citing United States v. Rodrguez Alvarado, 985 F.2d 15, 20 (1st Cir.1993) (quoting United States v. Fuller, 897 F.2d 1217, 1220 (1st Cir.1990))). 13. https://skamata.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ On January 9, 1991, the date of the frustrated heist, Irish-born co-defendants, Patrick Nee and McNaught, were arrested. Deep down, Whitey knew that he couldn't take over for the Killeens without cutting the Mullens in on their bookmaking and loansharking. The robberys mastermind was Anthony Fats Pino, a career criminal who recruited a group of 10 other men to stake out the depot for 18 months to figure out when it held the most money. The judge had been pursuing cases against a number of Patriarca associates at the time; DeMasi, backed against a wall by federal prosecutors, stood as his own attorney. DeMasi approached armored trucks with extreme caution, canvassing locations for months preceding the incident and often working late into the night to prepare for a heist. Then remembered the handful of movies based on crews in the 60s and 70s. ''The fact is, the only reason that they would have known that John Burke was even connected to that homicide is if he opened up his mouth,'' Mr. Vicinanzo said. One of the first officers on the scene, hed held Morlocks hand as the man died, putting pressure on the numerous wounds as he begged Morlock for so much as a single word that could help them find the men responsible. Pinos men then managed to steal plans for the depots alarm system, returning them before anyone noticed they were gone. An armored truck driver and his ex-wife conspire with a gang to have his own truck robbed on the route. 6. Joyce was sentenced to terms of 60 months on Count 10, 210 months on Counts 11 and 13, and 120 months on Count 15, all to be served concurrently, based upon a Guideline Offense Level of 33, Criminal History Category III. They broke the vans doors open to find DeMasi and his associates pulling nylon stockings over their foreheads. See United States v. St. Cyr, 977 F.2d at 706. DeMasi, upon release in 1970, became a trusted Patriarca associate, working in extortion and auto theft for Gerard Ouimette. After a meeting at Chandler's restaurant, in the South End, Boston, the two gangs joined forces, with Winter as the overall boss. When one of the two guards sees a robbers face, Ryan shoots them both. https://goldfish.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ And I remember falling asleep every night to a penetrating fire that burned until early morning. Defendant Robert Emmett Joyce (Joyce) challenges the imposition in his sentence of a three-level upward adjustment, pursuant to U.S.S.G. Later on, Frankie eventually lets his screw-up brother, Jimmy (Mark OBrien, Halt and Catch Fire), join the crew. City on a Hill creator and executive producer Chuck MacLean. Drive fast, he told OBrien. Evidence relating to role in the offense may be inferred and/or circumstantial. Ronald Martel, under a federal immunity agreement, declared to have perjured himself during his testimony in 1992. In late August, DeMasi arrived late at night at the Plaza, driving a vehicle registered to known Patriarca associate Francis Bonasias wife. We strive for accuracy and fairness. https://globalmedia51.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ On the day of the 1987 heist, the suspects called in a phony armed robbery complaint to West Hartford police to divert their attention while the robbery took place at the Bank of Boston . They failed because they fell out over the division of the spoils. He hadnt gone down for it; while Worcester police had identified DeMasi as a suspect in the murder, there was little evidence with which to proceed. The determination of the defendant's role in an offense is fact-specific. The job had been planned meticulously, reeking of the 1950 Brink Heists professional experience. Wearing navy blue coats and chauffeurs capssimilar to the Brink's employee uniformswith rubber Halloween masks, the thieves entered the depot with copied keys, surprising and tying up several employees inside the companys counting room. Nicholas Gregory, 41, an alleged mastermind of the December 1982 robbery who was a fugitive for two years, was convicted of bank robbery, interstate . Jonathan Tucker as Frankie Ryan in City on a Hill., In 2010, Affleck directed The Town, a drama about a gang of Charlestown armored car robbers. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. 2113(a) (Count 11), attempted obstruction of commerce by robbery, in violation of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. On March 12, 1992, Joyce was sentenced to a total term of incarceration of 270 months.2. http://samaraenergo.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ At that time, Wyshak and Kelly learned from Flemmi that Nee had participated in another homicide in January 1985. DeMasi was one of the last professional armored truck robbers of the century; hed lost his freedom while he was living under a tarp. 10. The other men allegedly involved in the 1992 slaying have been dead for years; Martel, and . In a couple of years, estranged from his wife and family, DeMasi and his associate Ronald Martel relocated to a summer camping site in Salisbury, electing to plan his jobs from under a tarp in the woods. It was business, and contrary to media stereotype, we weren't a bunch of lowlifes who sat around drinking beer all day and all night. He died with his hand resting on the grip of his pistol. DeMasi was promptly acquitted. See United States v. Graciani, 61 F.3d 70, 75 (1st Cir.1995). DeMasi was fifty five years old. She could not be located for comment on this story. Joyce was found not guilty on these counts. BOSTON (AP) _ An alleged member of the Irish Republican Army was among six men denied bail in federal court Thursday after their arrests in what the FBI called a foiled armored car robbery. The US Attorney's Office in Boston has refused to explain Nee's early release and why they failed to oppose it. denied, 514 U.S. 1007, 115 S.Ct. Federal prosecutors struck a deal last November with a tough guy named John Burke from the Charlestown neighborhood here, giving him immunity from prosecution and a lesser sentence in return for his testimony against his brother and two friends in a deadly armored car robbery. He alleges that the sentencing judge in this case did not find that Joyce exercised the requisite management control over his co-participants. If a car comes up fast, hit the gas. OBrien laughed - and within moments, Bulger and King came flying up a sidestreet in Roxbury, opening fire on DeMasis car. Nee was released. Within hours authorities had determined that McGonagle had rented a similar truck the day before in Medford, Mass. The most notorious took place outside the NFS Savings Bank in Hudson, N.Y., on Aug. 25, 1994, when an armored car pulled up shortly after 9 a.m. The mile-square community along the banks of Boston Harbor is known to tourists as home of the Bunker Hill monument, but police know the blue-collar neighborhood as a place where people have been murdered on busy streets in broad daylight _ without witnesses. She went into labor and gave birth prematurely the following morning. While in jail, OKeefe wrote bitterly to his cohorts demanding money and hinting he might talk. [citation needed], After his release, in 1989, Nee was motivated increasingly by Irish republicanism, to cut his links to Bulger. The recruitment of a co-conspirator constitutes a managerial function under 3B1.1(b) of the Guidelines. He was sentenced to 37 years in federal prison (Register Number: 15909-038) but released on April 25, 2000. 2. does not necessarily require a finding that the defendant controlled one or more other participants in the criminal venture. Arrests occurred in only 26 cases. Murphy was convicted of conspiracy to rob bank funds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Santa Claus is going to jail. That is going to change very abruptly for all of them.. Dec. 29, 1992 12 AM PT TIMES STAFF WRITER NEW YORK An armed gang subdued a lone security guard at a Brooklyn-based armored car company and made off with more than $8.2 million, most of it. All Rights Reserved. DeMasis subsequent imprisonment on robbery charges put a temporary moratorium on further investigation. Under the plea agreement, the Government contended at Sentencing that Joyce's Adjusted Offense Level should be 29, Criminal History Category III, with a guideline sentencing range of 108-135 months, in addition to the 60 month sentence previously imposed by the trial court on Count 14. During sentencing, Burke read Bible verses that seemed to be aimed at his brother, John Burke, who testified against him during the trial. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. The statutory sentence he faced for possessing and smuggling those 7.5 tons of armaments was life imprisonment. I was saying on here not long ago me and my girl were in boston for something it was last winter so we drove around charletown place is nice and clean the yuppies must have there teeth out to get in that housing project thinks its bunker hill maybe it dead in the center of Charlestown. He waited outside his house late one night. Unlike the 1979 Bruins-Rangers fight that took players into the stands, the lengthy Nov. 20 brawl largely took place in the hallway leading to the locker rooms, and then-Mayor Raymond Flynn only suggested that he would have sent police onto the ice weeks after the fight had already happened. In 1984, DeMasi was charged with having hired two men to bomb a federal judges house. Location manager Ryan Cook named several shots that were done in Boston, including a bar scene filmed at the downtown bar Last Hurrah, courtroom scenes filmed in various courtrooms in Government Center, and a police station scene that was shot on a set built inside the now-closed Rogers Middle School in Hyde Park. But residents beg to differ with the movies portrayal of the area. . It just seemed natural - there was a lot of money to be had if you spent the time planning the jobs right. Eight of the Brink's robbers were caught, convicted and given life sentences. Aldis Hodge as Decourcy Ward in City on a Hill.. After his return to South Boston, in October 1966, he rejoined the Mullen gang and became one of its leaders in a turf war with the Killeen Gang. Hed been a guard and driver with Mass Transport Inc. for four years. http://sennheiserstore.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Rhode Island State Troopers moved on Bonasia, capturing him eight feet from his Buick. The Robbery Captain Marvel mask used as a disguise in the robbery On the evening of January 17, 1950, employees of the security firm Brinks, Inc., in Boston, Massachusetts, were closing for. 3B1.1(b). A disgruntled bagger turned the corner just in time to watch the men pepper Morlock with bullets before sprinting into a white Cadillac that sat idling in the parking lot. http://www.eventnn.ru/catalog/actions/?a=redirect&link=https://www.ce-top10.com/ 2B3.1(a), the Base Offense Level was 20; that Joyce should receive a two-level enhancement pursuant to 2B3.1(b)(1), because the property which was the object of the robbery attempt belonged to a financial institution; and that Joyce should receive a two-level enhancement pursuant to 3C1.1 because Joyce willfully testified falsely at the first trial of [the] case. Hed been involved in a number of hustles, including extortion and auto theft. Boston-based journalist Michele McPhee, who worked as a consulting producer on the show and wrote one of the episodes, told the Times that she was initially skeptical that they would be able to capture the spirit of Boston, but was impressed by the results. Hed later call the case personal for him. 11. When one of the two guards sees a robber's face, Ryan. His battles with the church arent over, How Palm Springs ran out Black and Latino families to build a fantasy for rich, white people, U.N. envoy says Sudans warring sides agree to negotiate, Yellen says U.S. could hit debt ceiling as soon as June 1, U.S. says 20,000 Russians killed in Ukraine war since December, Speaker Kevin McCarthy addresses Knesset amid fraught U.S.-Israel ties, First Republic: Cheap, interest-only jumbo mortgages to Silicon Valleys elite fueled the banks failure. Released from federal custody in 2013, DeMasi found himself struggling greatly with memory loss. All the horses, dogs, bookmaking, and loansharking were now going to be under our mutual control. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, El Chapo sons send Mexico cartels cheap fentanyl into U.S., indictment says, Far from Russia, a pro-Moscow sliver of land tries to cling to its identity and keep war at bay, How drag queen story hour became a battle over gender, sexuality and kids, Virginia Gov. Ronald Martel, under a federal immunity agreement, declared to have perjured himself during his testimony in 1992. Months later, Nee found the man who killed his brother. http://new.futuris-print.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=&event2=&event3=&goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ http://gbi-12.ru/links.php?go=https://www.ce-top10.com/ For the above-stated reasons, we affirm the district court's sentence. You can also contact this spell caster and get your relationship fixed Email: urgentspellcast@gmail.com or see more reviews about him on his website: https://urgentspellcast.wordpress.com WhatsApp: +27634918117, I just stumble upon your post. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. In 1989, Charles Stuart told authorities that a black man tried to rob him and his wife, Carol, fatally shooting Carol and wounding Charles. A Braintree man was arrested yesterday in connection with a 1991 armed robbery at Boston's famous 'Cheers' bar in which a bar employee was knocked out with a liquor bottle and chained to a. UNITED STATES, Appellee, v. Robert Emmett JOYCE, Defendant-Appellant. Barrett was good friends with brothers James and John Martorano. He knew the Mullens had courageous, fierce men willing to die for theirs, and he was perceptive. https://facto.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ 371 (Count 3), robbery of bank funds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. [4] Their cousins drove them down to Cork, where they boarded an RMS Britannic for the trip to America, settling in South Boston, Massachusetts.[5]. He was arrested by the FBI during an armored car robbery in Abington, Massachusetts on January 13, 1990; he was masked and in possession of another machine gun, which again carried a mandatory life sentence. He watched Morlock die. MacLean has acknowledgedthat early episodes highlight a lot of retrograde attitudes about race, but said he didnt want to sugarcoat the realities of the era. The locals are not too pleased because 'The Town' is not like that anymore. Bruins-Canadiens, the f****** fight went all the way up in the stands?. In the opening scene of City on a Hill, a morally compromised FBI agent named Jackie Rohr (Kevin Bacon, Footloose) complains that Boston has gone soft. The government recommended 310 months. heard he worked for the north end guys back in the day. http://www.gearguide.ru/phpbb/go.php?https://www.ce-top10.com/ See United States v. Melvin, 27 F.3d 703 (1st Cir.1994). Glenn Youngkin rules out presidential campaign while in California, 7 bodies found during search for missing Oklahoma teens, US to lift most federal COVID-19 vaccine mandates next week, Multiple fatalities on Illinois highway during a blinding windstorm. The court found that a five-level upward adjustment was warranted under 2B3.1(b)(6)(F) and that a three-level upward adjustment was proper under 3B1.1(b). Rohr is a loose cannon with a cocaine habit and a drinking problem, and he plays by his own rules. Bonasia proceeded in his Buick; the other four tailed him, entering the Port Plaza parking lot minutes before an armored truck was to arrive. Rohr is likely referencing to the Brawl in the Hallway on Nov. 20, 1986, between Boston and Montreal, but he doesnt get the details right. It was there that he and Patriarca first became close; Patriarca admired his unquitting toughness and terse refusal to talk to the cops. A former Rhode Island detective described him as one of the one of the most dangerous criminals in New England; a bad bastard.. All rights reserved. Filling 14 canvas bags with cash, coins, checks and money ordersfor a total weight of more than half a tonthe men were out and in their getaway car in about 30 minutes. Two more died before they could go to trial. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. I forgot best bank robberys movie was set out west. There was always good food. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The Town is a 2010 American crime drama film co-written, directed by, and starring Ben Affleck, adapted from Chuck Hogan's 2004 novel Prince of Thieves. Consequently, we affirm. See United States v. Ovalle-Mrquez, 36 F.3d 212, 221 (1st Cir.1994), cert. OBrien was shot seventeen times; they left his face peeling down the headrest of the car. The robbers were waiting. We hold that the lower court's imposition of the three-level upward adjustment, based on Joyce's role in the offense, is warranted. The investigation was hampered by the citys notoriously tight-lipped attitude toward police, FBI Special Agent Richard Swenson said. The list of men with these skills was small, and Ralph DeMasi topped it. A number of men believed to have been accessory to the slaying died well before DeMasis date of release. MacLean, however, suggested that Ward wouldnt be stymied by a white bureaucracy forever. The robber is Paulie. 5. The fact is, the only reason that they would have known John Burke was even connected to that homicide is if he opened his mouth, Vicinanzo said. Stephen G. Burke, 40, Patrick J. McGonagle, 57, Michael K. OHalloran, 38, Matthew McDonald, 34, and Anthony M. Shea, 33 all have criminal records. He needed that money to get out of town. When asked whod pulled the trigger, Martel uttered a stoic Ralph.. Patrick Joseph Nee (born December 22, 1944) is an Irish-American former mobster and Irish republican sympathizer. He has recalled, My progression to crime was as easy as a baby's transition from crawling to walking. https://freediving.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ City on a Hill has only been ordered for one season so far, but MacLean has plotted out five seasons worth of material. http://www.go2golf.ru/link/redirect?link=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Former associate Tony Fiore recounts DeMasi as a wild partier, capable of blowing an entire scores take in just a matter of weeks, while still practicing old-school mob leadership, taking care of imprisoned mens families and making sure his crews never went without. https://gektor-nsk.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ See United States v. Savoie, 985 F.2d 612, 615 (1st Cir.1993). Caught an old episode of FBI Files the other day about an armored car robbery crew in the 80s and 90s. On April 22, 1994, we reversed the convictions of all defendants and remanded the case for a new trial. As hard as theyd tried, neither Worcester police nor federal agents could link the Morlock slaying to DeMasi. After Winter was convicted of fixing horse races in 1979 the leadership of the gang fell on James "Whitey" Bulger. Between 1975 and 1994, 49 people were killed in Charlestown. Director: Robert Siodmak | Stars: Burt Lancaster, Yvonne De Carlo, Dan Duryea, Stephen McNally Votes: 9,106 2. Federal agents have identified the third suspect in the foiled armoredcar robbery attempt in Harvard Square on March 1. "Whitey" Bulger. See United States v. St. Cyr, 977 F.2d 698, 706 (1st Cir.1992). But a woman who saw the truck speed past reported it to police. We granted that motion. He has not been sentenced and is still cooperating with authorities. For a 30 year span it was the bank robbery capital of the world drugs have played a part in it for a while, Idk about any of u fellas, but I liked that Ben Affleck Movie "The Town"he was good, but fuckin Jeremy Renner was greatplus Blake Lively is fuckin smokin hot as a pill headed whore who wears short skirts and rides Bens dick, god is she sexybut i digress, Boston/Charlestown Armored Car Robbery Crews, Re: Boston/Charlestown Armored Car Robbery Crews, Leave the Gun, Take the Cannoli: The Epic Story of the Making of The Godfather. Charlestown resident Richard Brennan, who police identified as 25 or 26. Transport, Inc. armored truck making a delivery to the Shawmut Worcester County Bank in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. https://seoandme.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Federal prosecutors thought they had a pretty good handle on John Burke when they talked the tough guy from the Boston neighborhood of Charlestown into ratting out his brother and friends for a deadly armored-car robbery. http://gazteplostroy.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=&event2=&event3=&goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ But since 1996, there have been only four. Barrett was a bank robber who was believed to have large amounts of untraceable cash and valuables that Nee and his gang wanted to extort from him. The initial indictment was returned on February 7, 1991.1, Following a twenty-five day trial before Judge Mazzone, Joyce and the five other co-defendants were convicted of conspiracy to rob bank funds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. His conviction landed him a sentence of twenty one years in a federal prison. Mr. Burke admitted to killing Stephen R. Hughes, 27, who was fatally shot outside his Charlestown apartment while unloading groceries. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The return of the armored car narrative is no coincidence, as Affleck told The New York Times that City on a Hill came to be, in part, because of him doing so much research for The Town and not being able to tell the scope and scale of the story the research yielded.. He was arrested by the FBI during an armored car robbery in Abington, Massachusetts on January 13, 1990; he was masked and in possession of another machine gun, which again carried a mandatory life sentence. Even between the time when I did Black Mass and now, everything has changed, Cook said, referring to the 2015 Whitey Bulger biopic starring Johnny Depp. http://shckp.ru/ext_link?url=https://www.ce-top10.com/ It was a town where someone would drop the N-bomb on you and not care and pay no consequences for it. The robbers had escaped down a dirt backroad, having removed the chain blocking it days prior. Were they connected to North End or Winter Hill? That being said, local audiences may find it fun to watch a fictionalized version of Boston from that era, and many members of the City on a Hill team, including producers Ben Affleck and Matt Damon, creator and executive producer Chuck MacLean, and actors Jonathan Tucker and Kevin Chapman, grew up in the area during that time period. Burke, McGonagle and OHalloran entered no pleas during court appearances and were ordered held without bail. David Turner, 52, was resentenced by U.S. District Court Judge Richard G. Stearns to time served and three years of supervised release. https://gcup.ru/go?https://www.ce-top10.com/ Nee and Kevin Weeks buried Barrett's body in Nee's dirt cellar. Keep writing more. http://rzngmu.ru/go?https://www.ce-top10.com/ Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. Detectives described DeMasi as cold, showing no emotion or remorse as they pulled him from the van. https://www.extrimdrive.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Joyce claims that the three-level upward adjustment for his role in the offense was clearly erroneous. Ironically, Showtime is coming out with a show 'City on a Hill' which is centered around a Charlestown bank robbery family. Nee was born in Ros Muc, an Irish language speaking village in Connemara, County Galway. Rhode Island State Police detectives described him as a man that worked his hustles like a nine-to-five. See the article in its original context from. https://flyd.ru/away.php?to=https://www.ce-top10.com/ Two guards were tied up at . While Affleck didnt specify which armored car robbers the crew at the center of City on a Hill was based on, there is an obvious real-life analogue. 1951 (Count 6). Kevin Daily survived the attack and Patrick Nee was arrested for attempted murder. The agreement further stated that the Government's position at sentencing would be that Joyce should receive a five-level enhancement pursuant to 2B3.1(b)(6)(F) because the intended loss from the Abington robbery attempt exceeded $1,500,000 and a three-level enhancement for his role in the offense pursuant to 3B1.1(b).4 In the agreement, Joyce reserved the right to contest the Government's position on these issues at the sentencing hearings.
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