People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. The dynamic nature of the uneven development process is most pronounced at the urban scale at which capital is most mobile, resulting in, for example, the rapid gentrification (upgrading through the attraction of investment and new middle-class residents) of previously declining inner-city areas. E) Analyze the relationship between population growth and resource consumption, providing at least one example of how population growth can impact resource consumption patterns. Life expectancy is the amount of time a person is likely to live. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. activities that directly extract materials from the Earth. Example: Help keep trade between Mexico and the US. In the United States, for example, Silicon Valley in CALIFORNIA is a core area where high-technology businesses are clustered. The Sun Belt has historically been an attractive destination for migrants and retirees, and has also attracted businesses due to its lower labor and land costs. %%EOF *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. Example: US and Canada, Provides loans to countries to reform public administration and legal institutions, develop and strengthen financial institutions, and implement transportation and social service projects. For instance, walkable cities make it easier for residents to get around without relying on cars, while green infrastructure such as parks and green roofs can help reduce the urban heat island effect and improve air quality. I. The second sentence says that the people that buy these goods, also known as consumers, buy goods/services that they need and want. No country has this as main form of economics. Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. For example, the growing demand for electronic devices has increased the demand for minerals such as coltan, leading to increased mining in certain African countries. An example of this is the use of language policies to promote or suppress the use of certain languages in schools or government, which can affect the power and status of different linguistic groups. Answer: A lack of access to resources, such as clean water, can impact the quality of life as it can lead to health problems and reduced productivity. Therefore, if you see any glaring errors or omissions, and wish to give me a heads-up, I can be reached via email at ppaccone@smusd.us. One historical example of a factor that contributed to population growth is the Industrial Revolution, which led to improvements in public health and increased life expectancy, leading to a population boom. F) Explain the concept of sustainable development and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth. LICs typically only export one type of product, such as coffee, which can mean they become reliant on this. 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. The SDGs are relevant to all countries and are intended to guide global development efforts towards a more sustainable and equitable future. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as cultural attitudes towards family planning, access to healthcare, and government support. At December 31, 2015, the book value of the building was$30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. Will you pass the quiz? Answer: Language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures by shaping the ways in which people communicate and understand the world around them. You could find that on Google or in your textbook, but what does that really mean? B) Describe two social or cultural consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. Countries in the semi-periphery are countries that have a standard of living lower than those in the core, but much higher than those in the periphery. They are almost exclusively centers of manufacturing and exporting. What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address resource distribution challenges. Extract resources. What primarily separates the so-called fast world from the slow world? Uneven development results in differences in wealth across the world. Answer: Linguistic imperialism refers to the dominance of one language over others, often as a result of colonialism or globalization. NICs do secondary. Development levels differ around the world. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of migration include increased cultural diversity and potential social tensions. (E) Describe ONE centripetal force that governments use to promote the state as a nation. Many Latin American countries have a history of U.S. intervention and influence, and have implemented economic policies that favor U.S. interests, such as free trade agreements and privatization of state-owned enterprises. an index for measurement of gender disparity. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change We measure development in Geography by using development indicators. An example of how it can be used to manipulate political outcomes is the drawing of congressional districts in the United States, where the boundaries of districts are often manipulated to create safe seats for one party or the other. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Og70dAl}gx)&~:TvZ?4HC\5bOfh~~`a!/6-~ PK;~Q=. One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can reduce reliance on non-renewable resources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Our population is just about to hit 8 billion. Economic Sector (Business Services) - innovator or inventor. Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. Integration stage The use of the new technology increase rapidly providing new benefits and supporting the overall business strategy. It contains a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. Example: Where the US in this growth model, An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power. This results in uneven development globally. During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. The first sentence says that an economy has many moving parts that are created and sold to people. Are we all living equally? Industrialization, from ancient history to now, has helped power improvements in standards of living in periphery countries, but it has also contributed to geographically uneven . Percentage of a country's people who can read and write. Development" section in the AP Human Geography Course Description, which includes "accounts of . in tandem. Create and find flashcards in record time. *Involves more local communities and local workers. *Projects are often labour intensive and for the benefit of the local community e.g building a well or repairing irrigation ditches. fd.f. Answer: Two economic consequences of migration include increased remittances and potential job displacement. This describes the way that people become stuck in a vicious cycle of being poor. ( The last section of the core-periphery model). Example: use this on car production, The idea that there's a core and periphery for the countries of the world. There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. the number of live births per thousand of population per year. A classic example of this that is mentioned often is the Rust Belt experience of the Midwest. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. Everything you need for your studies in one place. 4) Drive to maturity - New ideas and technology improve and replace older industries, economic growth spreads throughout the country. f. change in quantity demanded Birth plus deaths minus immigration C. Birth plus deaths plus immigration D. Birth plus deaths minus emigration E. Births minus deaths 2. Why would the use of the cash payback period for analyzing the financial performance of theatrical releases from a motion picture production studio be supported over the net present value method? What is Ameens 2016 net income? The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of population growth and its consequences. 1. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment, Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security, Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology, The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market. They are widely recognized as a framework for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the world, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. E) Analyze the relationship between urbanization and globalization, providing at least one example of how globalization has influenced urbanization patterns. The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. The Trans Atlantic slave trade caused uneven development as the African continent was bled of its human resources. These factories are often owned by transnational corporations and are located in countries with lower labor and production costs. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power that does not produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions. Some countries are much richer and much more powerful than others. Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. The monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country. Population growth is a global phenomenon that has significant environmental and social implications. the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support. A) Define the concept of resource distribution and provide one example of how the uneven distribution of a natural resource can impact economic development. Example: The HDI of India Students also viewed Ap Human Geography: Unit 2: Chapter 10 40 terms katebradley0 chem 21 terms Carolinek285 Although the other answer choices might be generally true of the differences between fast world countries and slow world countries they are not as close to the exact definition as the correct answer. Answer: Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. Hiking and backpacking: This type of ecotourism involves exploring natural areas on foot, often along trails or in wilderness areas. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. - Less developed countries. By using JIT, the car manufacturer can respond more quickly to changes in demand and adjust its production levels accordingly. 1) Initiation stage - The technology is introduced in the organization. In this unit, you will examine how supply and demand affect how a country can improve standards of living and how different economic systems can help citizens of a country gain more or less equality. Let's take a look! Answer: Technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges by enabling the efficient distribution of resources, such as through the use of online marketplaces or tracking systems that allow for better tracking and monitoring of resource use. It states that as one region of a state flourishes economically it does not necessarily improve the economy of another region, but instead, conversely, diminishes the significance and strength of another region. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. Check out the examples below to find out more. Definition. The consequences of uneven development are wealth disparities, health disparities and international migration. Phoenix has experienced rapid population growth in recent decades due to its warm climate and affordable housing, and has also attracted businesses due to its low labor and operating costs. Promote gender equality and empower women. f .=100,95d.f.=100,95 percent confidence. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. For example, multinational corporations may invest in urban areas to take advantage of cheaper labor, leading to increased urbanization in those areas. Improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases. F) Explain the concept of assimilation and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote assimilation among migrants. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Which of the following regions has a high population density but a low level of economic development? Students were awarded a point only if they stated both sides of the comparison. Round your answer to the nearest cent. Rural and indigenous communities: These are small communities in remote areas that are often dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. L/$;cqHi}1Kl@g;)k{Qf7og\E[ah]iahz +qp)4 A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. Using development indicators or measures of development. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. *Usually carried out by governments or international organisations, locals are not consulted. An example of population distribution is the fact that China's natural physical conditions resulted in uneven population distribution. What are some of the economic causes of uneven development? B) Explain the concept of human capital and describe one way in which investing in human capital can promote economic development. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. Development gaps also exist within countries (uneven development) between rich and poor. C) Explain two economic consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. {|gbG]:$rQ*;589DU@)~?TyLo b\.z (Xzb;;c8{/@d!Z"t?SSnw*L.?Spm8SpO0R;/_v$dKllt34`4;ov+m} Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? Sign up to highlight and take notes. of the users don't pass the Uneven Development quiz! Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Go ahead and read the Changing economic world explanation to understand more about the different types of development indicators and how they are used. The access to health, or the amount of comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. It is based on the principles of conservation, education, and sustainability, and aims to provide a positive economic and cultural exchange between visitors and local communities. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines Question 1: No stimulus In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. Physical causes of uneven development include climate, natural resource curse theory, and being landlocked. the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? This is because healthcare is typically better, with more access to doctors, and investment into this sector is higher. In Bangladesh, ___ were used to filter out cholera from water. For example, as more people consume goods and services, the production and disposal of waste can lead to increased pollution. It has been criticized for its impact on local cultures and economies, as well as for its environmental and labor practices. For example, implementing public transportation options can reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality, while green spaces can improve mental health and provide opportunities for community building. This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. Making items for profit. Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. The core, places like most of Europe and North America, where standards of living are high and most of the worlds products are consumed; the semi-periphery, where most manufacturing centers are and where standards of living are extremely variable; and the periphery, where most raw resources are harvested and people are extremely poor. For example, the presence of migrant communities can lead to greater cultural exchange and diversity, but it can also lead to tensions around issues such as language or religion. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. This decline has been due in part to the outsourcing of manufacturing to countries with lower labor costs, as well as automation and other technological changes that have reduced the need for labor. Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. Answer: A state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. Uneven development can result in large health disparities. Hopefully, this AP Human Geography study guide has helped you understand this concept more clearly so you can apply what you have learned when you take the AP Human Geography Exam. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. The Chancellor of Germany in the 1970s divided the world into the 'Rich North' and the 'Poor South', with a line that roughly circled the world at 30. This can occur due to the availability of natural resources, transportation infrastructure, and access to markets. Warmer climates can increase disease prevalence, which can affect the workforce and therefore slow economic development. Industrialization, from ancient history to now, has helped power improvements in standards of living in periphery countries, but it has also contributed to geographically uneven development in semi-periphery countries. - Added later to the model. Example: Nike, The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. A) Define the concept of migration and provide one historical or contemporary example of a push factor and a pull factor that can lead to migration. Uneven development can cause a larger gap between the rich and poor within countries, too. Cultural and historical sites: These are sites that are significant for their cultural, historical, or archeological value and can provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as heritage tours and cultural experiences. Possible Answers: In addition, the costs of some renewable energy technologies have decreased significantly in recent years, making them more competitive with non-renewable energy sources. Aid is the transfer of money, goods and expertise to assist the development of LICs and improve the quality of life. Enter the data here into the, Italy suffers from a regional divide - check out this article from, Purchasing Power Parity made easy with Burgernomics. Countries in between. An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of migration is refugee resettlement programs, which provide support and resources to refugees who have been forced to flee their homes. Example: Loans to countries in Sub Saharan Africa, Works to reduce barriers to international trade. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. People usually migrate because of push and pull factors. This is because healthcare is typically better, with more access to doctors, and investment into this sector is higher. Answer: Environmental justice refers to the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental risks and benefits. To find out more about the inequalities in China and their. Two characteristics of a state are sovereignty, which refers to its ability to govern itself without external interference, and legitimacy, which refers to the recognition of the states authority by its citizens and other states. Located at the source of natural resource. For each value of d.fd . Industrialization. The free-response question no stimulus found there reads as follows: In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. There are several ways in which sustainable development can be achieved, including: Implementing efficient use of resources: This can involve using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and increasing resource productivity. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total number of people living in that country. Example: This could happen in Nepal. The middle countries (not LDC or MDC)- starting to industrialize. This can be economic, social, political, and/or environmental. One example of a growth pole is the development of a new port or transportation hub, which can create jobs and stimulate economic development in the surrounding region. Can teach locals new skills. Adventure tourism: This type of ecotourism involves participating in activities such as rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing in natural settings. (D) Explain the limitations of communication technology in furthering the goals of devolutionary groups and democracy movements. (B) Explain how ethnicity can be a factor that leads to the devolution of a state. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. This can involve measures such as limiting the number of visitors, using low-impact transportation, and supporting local conservation and development projects. An example of deindustrialization is the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States in recent decades. It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question. The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years. Example: basic activities- (LDCs) Mining, fishing, farming, logging, forestry, Economic Sector (Manufacturing). Higher infant mortality rates occur in LICs due to poor sanitation, lack of clean water, and also poor nutrition, caused by the Impacts of Food Insecurity. All Ive done is prompted ChatGPT as described above, and then with what ChatGPT returned, produced this post. It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. the levels of wealth, goods, safety and leisure that people may have. Development is the improvement of the standard of living of a population. It also references that an economy affects the supply and demand for goods and services. Just-in-time delivery (JIT) is a supply chain management strategy in which materials and goods are delivered to the production process or to the end customer just in time for them to be used, rather than being delivered in advance or being stockpiled. Market economy: A market economy is one in which the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand in a free market. G) Explain the concept of a sustainable city and identify two features of a city that would make it more sustainable. Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. Pull factors are the things that attract people to a new country. The effects of uneven development include wealth disparities, health disparities, and international migration. F) Describe two ways in which urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on communities. h. elastic demand. Answer: A dialect is a variation of a language that is specific to a particular region or social group. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. This dependence has led to criticism that these countries are still being exploited and controlled by outside powers, despite the formal end of colonialism. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts (Unit I: Geography: Its Nature and Perspective) Chapter Outline. The fast world, as distinct from the slow world, is defined by high-level telecommunication and transportation technology. Answer: Policies or programs designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage can include efforts to document endangered languages (i.e. This indicates social segregation, or the separation of groups of people, in this case, the rich and poor. What are some physical causes of uneven development? One example of a policy designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth is the implementation of renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, which can.
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