Yan, X., Wang, W., Liu, M., & Zhao, Z. Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100cm depth in the soil profile. Ecol Eng 29:319328, Imo M, Timmer VR (2002) Growth and nutritional interactions of nutrient-loaded black spruce seedlings with greenhouse natural vegetation under greenhouse conditions. We can simulate the growth trend of the bearing jujube based on different length conditions and use L ( d) = l max 1 + e a - r d to calculate the length of the bearing jujube based on different growth days. Spectr. Wow, I recently learned a lot about the jujube root system --- very invasive roots with suckers looking for water that can extend 30' from the tree. Chem. The 20 litre large container with a blue base, and the 38 L extra large container . The fruits are smaller and not so sweet. PubMed Central J. Hebei Agric. Fourth, jujube can satisfactorily meet the concerns and needs of the government and the public. (4) Year-round fresh fruit supply: integrating the selection of cultivars with different maturation times, half-red harvesting, shelf life preservation, long-distance cold transportation, and long-term storage techniques such as controlled freezing-point storage, as well as protected cultivation, for advancing or delaying ripening and preventing fruit cracking. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6464051 (2018). To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. This evidence showed that the traditional jujube cultivation technology system had been established at 1500 YA, and many of these processes have been used continually until the present. The second is Germplasm Resources of Chinese Jujube10, which recorded 1033 accessions of jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J. (8) International exchange and cooperation: enhancing global jujube research, production, and marketing; promoting more international research, including multicountry, multisite variety, and technology testing, within bilateral agreements and especially with the help of the Jujube Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Sciences. After the beginning of the 21st century, outbreaks of pests and diseases, including Lygocoris lucorum, Euzophera batangensis, Ceratitis capitata, jujube flies, fruit cracking, and fruit shrinking, have become increasingly severe102,110,111,112,113,114. Bare root trees should be planted the same depth as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). It . However, there is little information about the response of jujube roots to the change from flood irrigation to drip . The high level of sugar accumulation in jujube fruit is due to the expansion and high-level expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport. Li, D., Du, X., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & He, J. Callus induction and embryogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Silvae Sin.45, 4449 (2009). Jujube is difficult to keep fresh. Dried Chinese Jujubes (Standards Press of China, 2009). ), f. carnosicalycis (Wang) Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. Zhang, Z., Huang, J. 31121062). It can grow and bear well where normal grain, cotton, oil crops, vegetables, and fruit trees cannot survive. Evaluation on nutritious characteristics and germplasm screening of different Chinese jujube cultivars. Cite this article. Ciceoi, R., Dobrin, I., Mardare, E. S., Dicianu, E. D. & Stnic, F. Emerging pests of Ziziphus jujuba crop in. 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. Sci. The 2019 Forum of China Jujube Industry, Linxian County, Shanxi Province (2019). Stnic, F. Rezultate preliminare privind micronmulirea in vitro a curmalului chinezesc (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Biotechnol.83, 305308 (2008). Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E., Butcaru, A. C. & Iliescu, L. M. Preliminary results about Romanian consumers preferences on jujube fruits. Effects of drying methods on changes of Vc, reducing sugar and total acidity in Chinese jujube. Content variation of water soluble polysaccharides during fruit development in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). var. Rom. Generally, growers prefer fruit trees that crop early, reach high and stable yields quickly, and have light pest pressure, easy management, low cultivation costs, and high economic benefits. To date, a total of ~930 jujube genotypes have been preserved, accounting for at least 90% of the total jujube genotypes in the world. Liu, D., Ye, X. The jujube genome provides insights into genome evolution and the domestication of sweetness/acidity taste in fruit trees. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J. Wang, J., Liu, L., Liu, M. & Zhou, J. Acquirement of new male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube. Characteristics of fruiting and fertility of different cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Cv. in Chinese Dates a Traditional Functional Food (eds Liu, D., Ye, X. Fu found that controlled freezing-point storage was better than normal cold storage in terms of delaying ripening and aging126. Yao, S. Past, present, and future of jujubesChinese dates in the United States. Acta Hortic. Liu, M. & Wang, M. Germplasm Resources of Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 2009). There appear to be at least 2, 16, and 6 scientific names for the jujube genus, the jujube and the sour jujube, respectively, due to different classification viewpoints and poor academic exchange in the past. 1. 41, 8285 (2005). Mengjun Liu. Creation of large hybrid populations using male-sterile germplasm as the female parent in jujube. Method 3: is a universal technology free of emasculation, i.e., covering the parents with nets to keep away unexpected pollen donors, pollinating by bees inside the nets, and identifying the hybrids with molecular markers84. Study on the content of polysaccharides in different cultivars, growing periods and organs in Chinese Jujube. The density of SSRs in the jujube genome reaches 378 SSRs per Mb, which is approximately two times the density in peach and apple12. Zhang, C., Liu, M., Kong, D., Wu, G. & Li, D. Diversification of resistance to fruit shrink disease in Chinese jujube germplasm. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had less root length density (RLD) at all soil depths than those of sole wheat and jujube trees. BMC Plant Biol.19, 189 (2019). Google Scholar. Sin.49, 27722791 (2016). Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube, we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit. Wang et al. Liu, M., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Liu, Z. Commun.5, 5315 (2014). (2) High-efficiency breeding technology systems for optimizing and upgrading the cultivar and rootstock structure: integrating the precise identification and utilization of excellent germplasm and the comprehensive application of innovative breeding approaches with rapid evaluation and screening methods; establishing high-efficiency propagation systems for transplant shock-free large nursery plants by integrating the use of containerized seedling production, industrial tissue culture rapid propagation, and micrografting153; registering, protecting and promoting newly released varieties worldwide; and including the top varieties in Club propagation, production, and commercialization systems, following experience in apple, kiwi fruit, etc. Since no new gene fusions or multiple trait combinations are available in autopolyploidization and it is difficult to make large breakthroughs via selection breeding, there is no substitute for cross-breeding, and its advantages are also incomparable. Solar greenhouse cultivation techniques for table cultivars of Chinese jujube in Taihang mountain area. Aims Planting density is a major factor during the conversion of cropland to woodland in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. J. Agric. The first is China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube, mentioned above. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Even though agronomists have considered the spatial root distribution of plants to be important for interspecific interactions in agricultural intercropping, few experimental studies have quantified patterns of root distribution and their impacts on interspecific interactions in agroforestry systems. Sin.20, 305306 (1993). Research objectives should be more advanced and diversified. 3. In the Book of Songs, published 3000 YA, it is clearly mentioned that jujubes were already widely cultivated in China. C.J. Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin (2013). Combining comparative genome, transcriptome, and metabolome data, the molecular mechanism underlying the high contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sugar in jujube fruit (~100 and 2 times those of apple, respectively) were revealed. Fruits67, 293296 (2012). Meanwhile, the expansion of the MDHAR gene family contributes to AsA regeneration. Jiang, H. & Liu, M. Studies on polyploid induction of Chinese jujube with colchicine. Tree Genet. J. In addition, triploids of Jinsixiaozao, Yuanlingzao, and Changhongzao have been created by endosperm culture, but no new cultivar has been released82. Springer, Berlin, Book contributed to the final draft. & Liu, M. Expression stabilities of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) China Fruits1, 14 (2018). . J. Beijing. Drain the fruit, and add rum and/or vanilla to taste. Int. & Liu, M. Discussion about the scientific name of Chinese jujube and wild jujube. Soc. At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. Exp. Sci.19, 336339 (2002). Bring to a moderate boil and simmer for 20 minutes, let cool, then boil for another 20 minutes. Fruit. & Cheng, H. Cultivation technique for direct seeding and orchard constructing of arid area jujube. Sin.33, 374377 (2006). The fruit is also a rich source of polysaccharides, triterpenic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and pigments3,4,11. Xue, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, P. & Wang, L. Effect of hypobaric storage on physiological and biochemical changes of Dong jujube fruit during cold storage. According to leaf fossils, jujube appeared in northern China 24 million years ago. Evaluation of Six Natural Variants and Screening of Genes Associated with Twisted Branches in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. trees51, 810 (2019). In this period, the first jujube research monograph Da Zao Pu, written by Liu Guan (Yuan dynasty, 1300), which recorded 71 jujube cultivars, was published. According to the authors investigation in Iran, all the jujube trees that were hundreds of years old were located at key sites on the ancient Silk Road, and Iranian scholars report that the jujube was introduced from China. in China. Analysis of Bioactive Components and Extraction Technique of Wax in Jujube. Wang, L., Wang, H. & Wang, C. Effect of O2 and CO2 concentration on respiration, relative electrical conductivity, contents of chlorophyll and skin color of Dongzao jujube fruit. Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. Among them, the tetraploids Chenguang, Hongguang, Riguang, and Zhuguang, bred by Hebei Agricultural University, have been awarded new plant variety rights by the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau of China. Dongzao. Farm Prod. B, Hortic.LXI, 143154 (2017). Fruit. Jujube fruits are eaten fresh, dried, boiled, stewed, and baked and are used to flavour tea. Acta Hortic. Univ. Sin.32, 496499 (2005). It seems that you can pretty much . Hybrid plant production was increased by 100 times using the new system, and a large number of hybrid progeny were obtained from 19 cross combinations, of which a number of superior lines were selected70. It is expected to become one of the most promising fruit trees in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Chenguang, a new tetraploid Chinese jujube cultivar. It was revealed that jujube has very strong resistance to abiotic stress, including drought, barren soils, and saline and alkali conditions. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems. Hortic. Period. The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. Sci.36, 13691381 (2019). Mingxin Guo, Zhongren Zhang, Xusheng Zhao, Vance M. Whitaker, Steven J. Knapp, Sujeet Verma, Amy F. Iezzoni, Jim McFerson, Cameron Peace, Maria Jos Aranzana, Vronique Decroocq, Pere Ars, Weijian Zhuang, Hua Chen, Rajeev K. Varshney, Ratan Chopra, Evan B. Johnson, M. David Marks, Horticulture Research Resour.10, 121125 (2009). Dongzao. The contents of vitamin C, cAMP, soluble sugars, titratable acids, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were significantly higher in tetraploid Riguang fruits than in diploid Dongzao fruits79. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Ser. Farm Prod. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. I've heard horror stories of the roots actually damaging water pipes to get to a water source. Jujube never needs flower-promoting treatments. Liu, M. & Cheng, C. A taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. of 0-100 cm jujube trees. Liu, P. et al. Qu et al. Preliminary study on in vitro culture of shoot segment in Chinese jujube. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interactions between intercropped jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Qu, Z. . It can be seen that jujube fruit can meet the marketers demand for profits and risk avoidance. This work was supported by grants from the Significant Fund of Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation (grant number C2017204114), the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China (2019YFD1001605), the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan Leadership Project, and the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000099). These factors included the culture media, inoculation methods, removal or maintenance of the seed coat, combination of growth regulators, and concentrations of lactalbumin hydrolysate, activated carbon, and sucrose86,87,88. Jujube has also been successfully grafted onto Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lam.) Commun.42, 221224 (2006). Regarding the taxonomic relationship between jujube and sour jujube (Z acidojujuba Cheng et LiuZ. Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. In the last 30 years, various new products, such as jujube juice, jujube powder, jujube slices, jujube tea, jujube beer, jujube essence, and jujube pigment, have been developed149. Liang, C., Zhao, J. Jujube needs to be promoted to consumers around the world as a new superfruit by scientists and commercial companies with the aim of introducing its unique qualities for human health and longevity. Food Mach.12, 910 (2003). It only takes 10 days to differentiate flowers whenever there is new shoot growth1. J. Agric. Sin.31, 7880 (2004). A strategy combining WGS sequencing, BAC-to-BAC and WGS-PCR-free library was employed to address the impact of the high complexity of the jujube genome, which has a high heterozygosity of 1.90%, a low GC content of 33.41% and a high density of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) (378.1 per Mb). Discovery and identification of natural triploid ploidy of Chinese jujube cultivar Pingguozao. It can blossom and even bear fruit in the same year as planting or grafting and can achieve high yields 35 years after the establishment of an orchard under a high-density planting system. Sci. Hudinai, M., Liu, M., Veberic, R., Stamper, F. & Colaria, M. Phenolic compounds in the fruit of different varieties of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Specific reference genes for RT-qPCR of jujube were selected under a variety of conditions and sourced from different tissues/organs, fruit development stages, and biotic/abiotic stresses, providing more choices for further gene expression analysis and functional studies in jujube22,23,24,25,26. However, high-efficiency, low-cost practical management systems for fruit cracking and fruit shrinking disease have not been developed; these conditions have a great influence on jujube yield and quality. Zhao, J. et al. Phytopathology108, 10671077 (2018). BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). It has great potential in international markets, as currently, its export proportion is <0.5% in China. The raw fruits are high in vitamin C. Most are varieties of the common jujube (Z. jujuba), native to China, where they have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years. Sin.46, 49684976 (2013). Dried jujube (the main form) can be stored for more than 1 year at room temperature with proper insect control and for 23 years at 4C. Google Scholar. Sin.26, 302308 (1999). Period. Based on the classical taxonomic system, jujube is listed in the Rhamnaceae family, Rhamnales order63. Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. However, jujubes and sour jujubes are very closely related, with cross-compatibility and transitional types between them. In the last 10 years, a high-efficiency hybrid breeding technology system combining male-sterile germplasm, embryo rescue, net control hybridization, and molecular identification was established. This period has not yet ended, and there is still a long way to go before establishing a modern technology system for jujube. Shu, J. In recent years, equipment for jujube fruit sorting or integrated cleaning and sorting has been developed and widely applied in the jujube industry in China133,134,135. proposed that jujube evolved from wild sour jujube1 based on a systematic study of ancient books, ecological distributions, karyotyping, palynology, and isoenzymes as well as of the transitional types between jujube and sour jujube1. Li, C. Dormant Characteristic and Temperature Management Investigation Analysis of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. According to a comprehensive investigation, more than 100 pests and diseases have been observed in jujube1. The presence of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wied. Qi, J. et al. J. Studies of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense, dwarfed fruit . Liu, M., Zhao, J. cv. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in & Huang, J. The small yellow flowers are followed by dark brown, round to oblong fruits the size of small plums. For Ecol Manag 83:171180, Dhima KV, Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou LB, Dordsas CA (2007) Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratios. Super high-density jujube orchard in Xinjiang, China (Photo by Prof. Yanjiang Shi). This chapter focuses on the disease management using antibiotics and resistant . Using an interspecific population between Z. jujuba and Z. acidojujuba, a high-density molecular (SNP) genetic map was constructed by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing17. Hortic. Process.2, 5255 (2010). CAS Environ. Jujube can satisfactorily meet the diverse needs of growers, consumers, marketers, government, and society. PLoS ONE9, e109850 (2014). The oldest collection of poems in China, called The Book of Songs, contains the sentence Jujube fruit picked in August and rice harvested in October, indicating that jujube was domestically cultivated as early ago as 3000 years ago. Several high-density genetic linkage maps have been constructed based on segregation populations of JMS2Xing16, DongzaoLinyilizao, DongzaoJinsi 4, and DongzaoYinshanhong17,90,91,92. 4) and maintains the high yield at over 15t/ha 35 years later, which is 35 years earlier than this yield could be achieved in a traditional orchard104. Acquirement of endosperm triploid and its biology and cytology 1978-1984. Xu, C. et al. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Can J Bot 84:16861694, Zamora DS, Jose S, Nair PKR (2007) Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alley cropping system in the southern United States. Ser. var. Pap. The seedling rate of young embryos <30 days after flowering (before the abortion peak) was increased from 3.7 to 40%89. Qi, J. et al. Sci. PubMed Central proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). After the beginning of the 21st century, much more attention was paid to intensive processing that highlights the characteristic nutrients of jujube. J Sci Food Agric 30:129135, Article After entering the 21st century, protected cultivation techniques for fresh jujube have developed gradually. J. Agric. The problem of hybrids not being obtained due to heavy early embryo abortion was solved by embryo rescue based on the understanding of the mechanism of embryo abortion and the factors affecting very young embryo culture. Agrofor Syst 13:143158, Reyes T, Quiroz R, Luukkanen O (2009) Spice crop agroforestry systems in the east Usambara Mountain, Tanzania: growth analysis. (6) Quality and nutrition preservation with postharvest and processing technology: adapting to internet and international marketing and upgrading the jujube market structure; making jujube an essential raw material in several superfoods that are increasingly requested by the market in addition to being directly used as fresh or dried fruit13; extending different production and processing certification systems (e.g., Global GAP, Organic, etc.) heteroformis Hort., Z. jujuba Mill. Agr. Agric Res Arid Areas 30:230236, Livesley SJ, Gregory PJ, Buresh RJ (2000) Competition in tree-row agroforestry systems. anucleatus Y. G. Chen). We offer the two sizes in the 'Air-Pot Garden' range that are best-suited for the young jujube trees we sell. The use of Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd. Anal.39, 230234 (2019). Agrofor Syst 61:221236, Gillespie AR, Jose S, Mengel DB, Hoover WL, Pope PE, Seifert JR, Biehle DJ, Stall T, Benjamin TJ (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA. Chara cterization of a pectic polysaccharide from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5. China Fruits3, 4647 (1983). An evolutionary divergence analysis of jujube, pear and Prunus mume found that the 4DTv (fourfold synonymous third-codon transversion) rate of jujube peaked at only 0.50, suggesting that no recent whole-genome duplication had occurred in jujube12. var. Jinsixiaozao. Breeding objectives should take into consideration the characteristics of jujube trees, the demands of all related parties, the breeding trends in fruit trees and breeding practices in jujube70. In the past 30 years, a total of ~200 new cultivars with large fruit, good fruit quality, high resistance to diseases, and varying uses and maturity times were released through polyploid breeding or selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasms2. & Zhang, P. Study on respiration type of different cultivars of Chinese jujube fruit. J. Tarim. Its fruit has the five basic elements of a superfruit, i.e., delicious taste, attractive appearance, nutrient density, safe consumption, and strong cultural meaning. Distribution and dynamics of fine roots length and biomass. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Zhang, W., Rao, J., Li, K., Li, W. & Wu, Y. Plant Physiol.224-225, 110 (2018). Most species belong to Sect. Study on cultivated model of high efficiency and cultivated techniques for Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv Dongzao in Dali. A historic leap has been achieved from the initial stage of focusing on summarizing production experiences to a new era of innovative research throughout the whole industry chain covering breeding, cultivation, pest management, fruit storage, transportation, and processing; from morphological research to comprehensive research at the levels of the plant, organ, tissue, cell, molecule, and gene; and from the research of a few individuals to national and international research collaborations. The trend of jujube industrial development and research. Morphological, cytological and nutritional changes of autotetraploid compared to its diploid counterpart in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). HortScience53, 609612 (2018). in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Agrofor Syst 55:125137, Garca-Barrios L, Ong CK (2004) Ecological interactions in simultaneous agroforestry systems in the tropics: management lessons. This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . Eng.3, 131136 (2016). Acta Hortic. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small . Technol.33, 396402 (2015). The contents of sugar, vitamin C, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are around 2, 100, and 1000 times those of apple, respectively. (China Forestry Publishing House, 2013). ), or Chinese date, is the most important species of Rhamnaceae, a large cosmopolitan family, and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. Until now, a total of 25 triploid, tetraploid, and octoploid strains have been created, among which three excellent tetraploid strains have been released as new cultivars by the Hebei Forestry Cultivar Examination and Approval Committee75,76,77. Univ.4, 7275 (1984). Twenty-one jujube cultivars were recorded in the book Guangzhi written by Guo Yigong in the Jin Dynasty, 1700 YA. The cultivation of fresh jujubes in plastic shelters has resulted in great success in rainy southern China108; this method can greatly reduce the fruit cracking caused by rain at the maturity stage from 70 to <10%. In addition, due to the economic decline of the comparative benefits of jujube, jujube witches broom is becoming serious again in orchards due to poor management. J. Yangling: Northwest A&F University (2014). Resour.12, 539545 (2011). Zhang, C., Bian, Y., Hou, S. & Li, X. A number of excellent accessions have been identified, including triploid genotypes such as Zanhuangdazao38, Pingguozao39, Jinglinyihaozao, Shanxitedage, Hengshuibianzhizao, Zhenhuluzao40; the mixoploid genotype Dongzao 241; the male-sterile germplasms JMS1 and JMS242; the self-fruitless and self-sterile germplasms Huizao, Jinsixiaozao 39, Yuanlingzao, and Xiangzao43; the tortuous-branch Dongzao44; the seedless germplasm Wuhexiaozao; genotypes that are highly resistant to witches broom disease such as Xingguang45,46; and genotypes that are rich in functional nutrients47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54. Comparing the tetraploid jujube cultivar Riguang and its diploid counterpart Dongzao, Riguang has wider and darker green leaves, higher chlorophyll content, a higher photosynthesis rate, larger stomata, larger pollen and flowers, wider and larger fruits, and an earlier maturation time but is also less vigorous and less cold hardy79. J. Sci. CAS HortScience48, 672680 (2013). Genome-wide identification, characterization of the MADS-box gene family in Chinese jujube and their involvement in flower development. Acad. performed reference collection and analysis. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Nature - The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, jujube - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). For . The traditional production technology maturation period (Northern Wei Dynastythe founding of the Peoples Republic of China, or 500 CE1949 CE). Our study was conducted to apply root pruning to test whether it can effectively inhibit the vigorous vegetative growth by regulating the competitive ability of the root system for water and nutrients. Establishment of embryo culture technical system of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). Chen et al. For instance, the formation and genetic mechanisms of the main economic traits of jujube and the interaction between jujube fruit development and environmental changes are still unclear, which restricts breeding efficiency improvements and innovation in cultivation techniques. and its wild ancestor sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Cheng et Liu). Under normal room temperature and humidity conditions, fresh jujube loses moisture quickly and loses crispness within 35 days. Lucrri tiinifice Ser. High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. Hortic.249, 263270 (2019). Four generations of polyploid induction techniques using colchicine as the main mutagen have been developed for jujube, i.e., in vivo apical bud induction71, in vitro apical or lateral bud induction72, in vitro callus/embryo induction73 and in vivo callus induction74. A novel method for rapid in vivo induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in a woody fruit tree (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Xie, W., Ding, C. & Song, Y. It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important, especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands. It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the mother river of the Chinese people.
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