62. This seat belt warning option required audible and visible warning signals that lasted for as long as the occupant was unbelted, the ignition was on, and the transmission was in forward or reverse. In addition, you should submit a copy, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential business information, to the docket at the address given above under ADDRESSES. In response, the agency conducted a multi-phase research study (described below). Motor vehicle safety is defined in the Motor Vehicle Safety Act as the performance of a motor vehicle or motor vehicle equipment in a way that protects the public against unreasonable risk of accidents occurring because of the design, construction, or performance of a motor vehicle, and against unreasonable risk of death or injury in an accident, and includes nonoperational safety of a motor vehicle.[52] Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 75. It is not an official legal edition of the Federal 63. Can we expect more or less of an increase than the 3-4% increase for enhanced front warnings? on NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. For a _____ conviction of a DUI you could pay a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000. [87] [42] What is now the first option (S7.3(a)(1)) was added to S7.3 in 1991.[26]. Volvo and Jaguar Land Rover vehicles sold in the United States and equipped with rear seat belt warnings provide a change-of-status warning. Below we ask specific questions about potential specifications for visual and audible warnings, and, more generally, which of these NHTSA should propose for the rear seat belt warning system minimum requirements. Should it also depend on the recipient of the warning (for example, driver versus rear passenger)? These systems might be more effective than a positive-only system because they would directly inform the driver whether any rear seat occupants were unbuckled, without the driver having to compare the number or location of occupants and fastened belts. 30124. The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . Webpassenger using both unbelted 5th percentile female and unbelted 50th percentile male dummies in the rigid barrier crash tests at 30-mph. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. WebMotor vehicle collision (MVC) is one of the most common causes of thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) injury. This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding in 2013, and as it continues with this proceeding NHTSA is seeking public comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system. FMVSS No. 68 FR 46262 (Aug. 5, 2003). Good drivers have a quiet level of efficiency in their actions. [FR Doc. [73] Under good weather and clear visibility, what minimum following distance should you keep between your car and the car in front of you? Would occupant detection be necessary for these systems? 2007. NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. [30] Id. For example, would a less sophisticated warning, such as a specialized system of mirrors, be sufficient to inform the driver about the status of the rear seat belts? 30111, to submit a report to Congress describing the reasons for not prescribing such a standard. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 directs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. [95], NHTSA has conducted a variety of research relating to the effectiveness of in-vehicle seat belt warnings. 0000012899 00000 n According to the results of NHTSA's most recent self-reporting survey of seat belt use, the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS), while more than four-fifths of survey respondents said they always wore their seat belts when driving (88%) or riding as a passenger in the front seat (86%), only 58 percent said they always wore their seat belts when riding as a passenger in the rear seat. The guidelines could identify best practices for manufacturers who wish to equip vehicles with a rear seat belt warning system. This is a national telephone survey periodically conducted by NHTSA. SAE Technical Paper 950865, International Congress and Exposition, Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit, Michigan, Feb. 27-March 2 (1995). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2007 Acceptability Study]. [48] Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. to the courts under 44 U.S.C. See S571.3. True Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb What type of information should the warning convey? Illegal window tinting. A single-trip manual activation refers to a feature that allows the driver to acknowledge a visual or audio signale.g., with a press of a buttonand not continue seeing or hearing it. Because of the detail of the data gathered (e.g., occupant demographic and vehicle-specific information), the analysis was able to control for confounding factors. were The best practices could include the type of information the warning system should convey and the minimum durations of the warnings. Donna Glassbrenner & Marc Starnes. To facilitate an effective warning that advances safety and is appropriate for diverse vehicle types and uses, NHTSA seeks comment on alternative cost-effective solutions that would alert the driver when a rear seat passenger buckles and/or unbuckles. In addition, in order to ensure that the suppression feature does not inappropriately suppress the air bag for small-statured adults, FMVSS No. This requires, among other things, that a federal motor vehicle safety standard be practicable, meet the need for motor vehicle safety, and be stated in objective terms. [49] documents in the last year, 125 [82] This includes, among other things, a visual warning indicating any rear seating position in which a seat belt is unfastened. These challenges may be greater or lesser depending on the rear seat configuration of the vehicle. 208 currently requires a driver's seat belt warning with an audible warning lasting between four and eight seconds. To ensure that your comments are considered by the agency, make sure to submit them by the comment period deadline identified in the. It also recommended that Congress amend the Safety Act to eliminate the 8-second limit on the length of the audible warning. The third report summarized and extended the analyses from the previous two reports. Please organize your comments so they appear in the same order as the topics to which they respond appear in this document. For example, should NTHSA propose requirements for the color of the telltale, required text, pictorial vs. alphanumeric, or whether it flashes? 87. of Transportation to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 22. [69] 208 in 1974 to require that only the driver seating position be equipped with a seat belt warning system providing a visual and audible warning, with the audible warning not lasting longer than eight seconds. Should it be linked to the vehicle's speed and/or transmission position (e.g., forward or reverse, or other criteria), and if so, what should the criteria be, and why? Li, R., Pickrell, T.M. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. DOT HS 812 593). FMVSS No. Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. 11. The Secretary must also consider whether a proposed standard is reasonable, practicable, and appropriate for the types of motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for which it is prescribed and the extent to which the standard will further the statutory purpose of reducing traffic accidents and associated deaths. 2015. developer tools pages. However, occupant detection for the rear seats may present both technical and cost challenges. h[hkg6MMGp7w)**981&Ym55[]DEDD Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. Learn more here. What would be the increased cost associated with such a system (on a per seat and per vehicle basis), and how would it compare to the increased benefits (if any)? 92. No visual signal is required if all the rear occupants are belted. 0000018071 00000 n It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. As discussed above, Congress enacted this restriction in 1974. What duration would appropriately balance effectiveness and annoyance? Should the warning be standardized, and would this increase the likelihood that consumers would notice, recognize, and respond to the warnings? Webrestraints. 0000046752 00000 n Describe any assumptions you make and provide any technical information and/or data that you used. 30101 et seq. Should the system be required to register small children that would presumably be placed in a child restraint system? We have asked commenters to answer a variety of questions to elicit practical information about alternative approaches and relevant technical data. You may also see the comments on the internet. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. ][99] Only official editions of the Some research may suggest that having the warning visible to the unbelted occupant may increase effectiveness. Special Report 278 at 18, Committee for the Safety Belt Technology Study, Transportation Research Board of The National Academies (2003) [hereinafter Transportation Research Board Study]. The TRB report (published in 2004) found that new seat belt use technologies could increase belt use without being overly intrusive. The vehicles in the study sample had a wide variety of seat belt warning systems. (49 CFR part 512). [91] See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 54. Federal Register. To what extent would a deactivation feature reduce the effectiveness of the warning? This study, which was completed in 2015, involved a telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. PCMAG, 20 Nov. 2022 Across the state in 2021 the seat belt compliance rate was 93.5% but unbelted occupants still accounted for over half of those killed in traffic crashes, the release said. For a fuller discussion of the history of the active and passive protection requirements in FMVSS No. 208 by removing the 8-second limitation would eliminate the need to differentiate between signals and give vehicle manufacturers greater flexibility in designing their seat belt warning systems. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 208 is this statutory limitation. In addition, as discussed above, warning systems equipped with occupant detection are more amenable to audible warnings and enhanced warning features. 20. Fatality Reduction by Seat Belts in the Center Rear Seat and Comparison of Occupants' Relative Fatality Risk at Various Seating Positions. A student places a 2.50 gram sample of magnesium metal in a bottle and adds hydrochloric acid. 8. You do not need to change your windshield wipers; they should last as long as you own the car. NHTSA's consumer research shows that part-time non-users make up the majority of non-users (83%), while hard-core non-users make up a smaller proportion of non-users (17%). You should _______ your following distance as your visibility decreases as the weather gets worse. 1. The petitioners stated that rear seat belt warnings would save hundreds of lives each year and that a large percentage of the lives saved would be children. ECE Regulation No. Starting in September 2019, the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Regulation No. 208 requires the air bag system to be active during several static tests using a 5th percentile adult female dummy in the right front passenger seat. Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. (Other exceptions also apply.) Therefore, at 0 ms the car is impacting the wall. The study found, among other things, that 81 percent of drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning were very satisfied with the system warning at the beginning of a trip; less than 2 percent were dissatisfied. A change in seat belt status in front and rear seats also initiates the second level warning. NHTSA has not subsequently amended FMVSS No. In Florida, immersion in water or fire as a result of a collision happens in less than ________ of all collisions annually. WebIn 2018, 803 unbelted rear seat passenger vehicle occupants age eight and older died in traffic crashes in the United States. Many vehicle manufacturers subsequently implemented enhanced seat belt warnings for the driver and front outboard passenger seating positions. Occupant restraint use in 2017: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. 0 WebSingle-vehicle crashes represent the largest percentage of both unbelted KA and KABCO crashes; however, single-vehicle is over-represented in unbelted KA crashes (51.0 The signal may also potentially prevent children from unbuckling their seat belts. 208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. Removing the Driver's Seat Belt Warning Audible Signal Duration Upper Limit. NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based observational survey of seat belt use in the United States. There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. S4.2.6 (with the exception of some options). 0000000016 00000 n The warnings provided by seat belt warning systems typically consist of visual and/or audible signals. Should all the compliance options require occupant detection, or should there be some compliance options that do not require occupant detection? [8] [11] 82. Unbelted rear seat passengers pose a serious threat to the driver and other vehicle occupants, as well as themselves. These included warning systems that had only the minimum features required by FMVSS No. Having an audible or longer-duration visual warning activate for an unoccupied seat (such as might be the case if the system did not have occupant detection) could be a nuisance for the driver and might either desensitize the occupants to the Start Printed Page 51084warning signal, or lead them to circumvent or defeat the system. The Public Inspection page may also D.) all of the above. Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. Occupant detection systems are practical for the front outboard passenger seating position, as that passenger seat is not typically subject to as many of the potential complications to occupant detection posed by rear seats (such as large occupants spanning multiple seating positions). Unattended vehicles shall be parked with the drivers side facing the aircraft and so it will not interfere with aircraft being towed or taxied. Repeated violations are cause for disciplinary action, which may include suspension and/or dismissal.5. Seat belts will be worn by all occupants, at all times.6. Explain why you agree or disagree, suggest alternatives, and substitute language for your requested changes. 208, S29.1(e), and correspond to the height and weight requirements for a child who is used as an alternative for the 6-year-old child test dummy for compliance testing of advanced air bag systems utilizing static suppression. If you wish Docket Management to notify you upon its receipt of your comments, enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the envelope containing your comments. [33] 0000043815 00000 n The President of the United States issues other types of documents, including but not limited to; memoranda, notices, determinations, letters, messages, and orders. 18-20. Seat belt warnings for front outboard passenger seats (which are not required by FMVSS No. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1.1. to 8.4.2.4.1.3. To prevent unnecessary signals, the system must also be capable of detecting whether the front passenger seat is occupied. Their assessment protocol dictates the requirements for the activation and duration of the warning signals for front and rear seats including a change of status warning. daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial Safety Belt and Helmet Use in 2002Overall Results. __________ is a type of drug that temporarily stimulates some vital process or organ in the body. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. Owner's manual readership may be relatively low,[80] Register documents. Owner's manual/label requirements. For example, to what extent does the sound of the latch plate clicking into the buckle when a belt is fastened currently serve as an indication of seat belt use? In accordance with that grant and continuing with the proceeding that MAP-21 required to be initiated, the agency is publishing this Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Federal Register issue. If your car was parked and un-occupied when it was damaged you must be In the U.S., occupant detection is widely used in existing vehicles in the front outboard designated seating positions, either as part of an advanced air bag system, or as part of a voluntary seat belt warning system. Electrical Connection Requirements. If the electrical connection is not reestablished, the warning system could malfunction or provide inaccurate information. We also seek comment on the costs and benefits of different types of warnings. 2009. 50. The inside of a parked car can quickly reach unsafe temperatures, even on a mild day. 38. NHTSA seeks comment on this issue, particularly on whether such electrical connection requirements should be proposed, and if so what they should be, and what types of seats they should be required for. The thrill of danger See Docket Nos. so we also seek comment on whether we should require that this information be displayed in the vehicle instead of (or in addition to) the owner's manual. 0000045506 00000 n Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. If the change of status occurs below 25 km/h and no doors are opened, the signal may be delayed until the vehicle has been in motion for 500 meters. All of the above 0000006819 00000 n 0000104337 00000 n documents in the last year, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Euro NCAP does not specify that occupant detection for rear seats is needed in order to obtain bonus points. 2015. 96. The ECE regulation uses similar thresholds, but lets the manufacturer choose either a speed, distance traveled, or a duration threshold. on Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 47. 0000179714 00000 n The behavioral strategies were upgrading existing state seat belt laws; high-visibility enforcement campaigns; a national communications plan; employer policies and regulation; and insurance industry collaboration. [39] [9] documents in the last year, by the International Trade Commission The number of non-drivers surveyed was relatively small. a) a good level of attention and buses with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less and an unloaded weight less than or equal to 2,495 kg (5,500 lb). 22. The petitioners provided a range of estimates for how much a rear seat belt warning system could increase rear belt use. [45] MVOSS does, however, provide demographic detail that cannot be observed and insight into the reasons people do and do not use seat belts. All of these manufacturers' rear seat belt warning systems use a display that is visible to the driver and indicates which rear seat belts are in use, as well as employing a change-of-status reminder that has visual and audible components. If NHTSA were to propose requirements for a warning that is similar to existing seat belt warnings, should the warning be visual-only (e.g., a telltale displaying text or icons), audio-only, or audio-Start Printed Page 51083visual? See www.regulations.gov for more information. 0000046473 00000 n A seat belt warning system utilizing occupant detection technology could provide false reminders if the occupant detection were inaccurate. See, e.g., Transportation Research Board Study, p. 25; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 2. The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. For example, it may be technically challenging for an occupant detection system to recognize a large occupant spanning multiple seating positions as a single occupant rather than two occupants. Euro NCAP specifies that, if there is no occupant detection, only a 60 second visual signal is needed for the rear warning in order to earn bonus points, and the new ECE regulation also only requires a 60 second visual signal for the rear warning. 0000013419 00000 n Amending FMVSS No. 30111,[3] 4. 0000031263 00000 n 0000003534 00000 n Foldable, rotating or otherwise stowable seats (e.g., Stow-n-Go, Flip and Fold) are prominent in the third row of minivans or large sport utility vehicles. documents in the last year, 931 For example, NHTSA might provide recognition through NCAP for vehicles equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. Of those who wore seat belts most of the time as drivers, only a small percentage said they wore them always (12%) or most of the time (21%) when riding in the rear. Your driving privilege will be canceled if you fail to comply with some portion of the Florida Statutes. 30111, NHTSA seeks comment on whether it should consider any non-regulatory approaches to address this issue. %%EOF DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 57. Although NHTSA did not previously have the authority to require, or specify as a compliance option, a seat belt warning with an audible signal lasting more than 8 seconds, the agency facilitated the voluntary adoption of enhanced warnings through a series of legal interpretations that determined that the Safety Act did not prohibit manufacturers from using enhanced warning systems (e.g., systems with audible warnings that lasted more than 8 seconds) as long as the manufacturer differentiated the voluntarily-provided signal from the required signal (for example, by a clearly distinguishable lapse in time between the two signals). Active protection refers to features, such as manual seat belts, that require action by the occupant, while passive protection, sometimes called automatic protection, refers to safety features that do not require any action by the occupant other than sitting in a designated seating position. Developing appropriate attitudes depends on recognizing that attitudes are: Approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes annually involve drowsiness and fatigue as a principal casual factor. Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb kinetic energy. 208, see Stephen R. Kratzke. [77] 208, Occupant crash protection, to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. 208 requires a seat belt warning system for the driver's seat, but not other seating positions. That is, women, elderly drivers, speeding, seat belt non-use, and recent model year vehicles are associated with an increased risk of fatality. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. b. K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 208 to require seat belt warnings for any of the passenger seating positions. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? The amount of alcohol in a 1 oz. This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily 1. We seek comment on specific warning signal attributes that NHTSA could propose (e.g., duration of an audible warning), and how effective they might be, especially as compared to other possible signal attributes. Some states with mandatory rear seat belt laws include rear-seat specific messaging in their media campaigns. DOT HS 812 142. 0000042679 00000 n 0000016204 00000 n 95. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Similarly, an audible or visual warning of a change in the status of rear seat belts could be either electronic or mechanical and could include a haptic signal. Euro New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)[2] Considering the history in this area as described above, the agency is particularly concerned with striking the right balance. Manufacturers would Start Printed Page 51089also have to determine whether driver and rear passenger seat belt warning visual signals would be treated the same. B.) Since seat belt warning systems are generally initiated at the beginning of a trip (i.e., when the ignition switch is moved to the on or start position) so as to assure that occupants are safely restrained prior to any potential vehicle crash, this is perhaps the most intuitive approach for rear seat belt warnings as well. The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment Interaction with other vehicle warnings. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. Belt use criteria. WebThe following vehicles can use the Express Lanes. Fifteen-passenger vans are classified as buses because they are designed for carrying more than ten persons. A.) g. (NH4)2CO3\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2 \mathrm{CO}_3(NH4)2CO3 Euro NCAP specifies at least a 90 second visual signal for the front seats and only a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats in order to earn bonus points. 54, No. NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available. A rear seat belt warning system might require an electrical connection between the seat and the vehicle to relay the information gathered by a buckle or webbing spool-out sensor to the rest of the warning system. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. . Get an answer. Seventy-eight percent of drivers were satisfied with the change-of-status warning during a trip; about 1 percent were dissatisfied. beer are ______. 2008. Would delaying the warning until the vehicle is placed in gear make it more likely that the occupants fasten their belts before the vehicle is in motion? Research by NHTSA and others suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visible warnings are potentially more effective than visible warnings alone. The relevant research reports have also been placed in the docket for this rulemaking. 0000031774 00000 n Seat belt latch and webbing spool-out sensors are already used by many manufacturers to comply with the existing driver seat belt requirements.
