Human groups and social categories. Communication: d. Have a life span similar to that of socially isolated people. The terms heterosexuality and homosexuality appear in Websters dictionary with generally the same meaning the terms hold today. Statistically, people with disabilities make up the largest minority group in the United States, with an estimated 20 percent of people five years or older living with some form of disability (Allen, 2011). Difference also matters because demographics and patterns of interaction are changing. While women have been the focus of much research on gender differences, males have been largely unexamined. None of these choices is correct. d. we create new ways of teaching communication to children. Source: Adapted from Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating Social Identity (Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2011), 11725; and University of Denver Queer and Ally Commission, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer History, Queer Ally Training Manual, 2008. The chair is part of the personal body space of the person who uses it. In common predicament: Social psychology of intergroup conflict and cooperation. Rather than diminishing other forms of communication, CMC actually promotes and reinforces them. With abilities related to communication, visual merchandising and corporate identity, and capacity for the analysis of trends, and conducting design research. Tajfel, H. 1981. Why or why not. Racial classifications used by the government and our regular communication about race in the United States have changed frequently, which further points to the social construction of race. Black women were even more at risk, and Sojourner Truth, an emancipated slave, faced those risks often and gave a much noted extemporaneous speech at a womens rights gathering in Akron, Ohio, in 1851, which came to be called Aint I a Woman? (Wood, 2005) Her speech highlighted the multiple layers of oppression faced by black women. As with other cultural identities, notions of sexuality have been socially constructed in different ways throughout human history. Cancer This code-switching creates a linguistic dual consciousness in which people are able to maintain their linguistic identities with their in-group peers but can still acquire tools and gain access needed to function in dominant society (Yancy, 2011). 24. Qualitative communication is characterized by the treatment of each interactant as unique. Occupation and sexual orientation are types of co-cultures. Currently, the terms African American and black are frequently used, and both are considered acceptable. The most obvious way sexuality relates to identity is through sexual orientation. Then, circle the word While these communities are often grouped together within one acronym (LGBTQ), they are different. Nondominant identity formation may include a person moving from unawareness of the importance of their identities, to adopting the values of dominant society, to separating from dominant society, to integrating components of identities. At the time, newly developing fields in natural and biological sciences took interest in examining the new locales, including the plant and animal life, natural resources, and native populations. Interracial communication presents some additional verbal challenges. And various academic fields joined in the quest to prove there are natural differences between men and women. that it modifies. Identity and communication are related in that we [4 pts.] Chapter 1. Introduction to Human Communication Flashcards will tend to take on characteristics and exhibit behaviors that are consistent with positive attributes associated with that group. d. Both physiological and psychological noise. I dont hate men or anything, and Im not interested in protesting. The rarity of personal relationships is not necessarily unfortunate. So one of the first reasons difference matters is that people and groups are treated unequally, and better understanding how those differences came to be can help us create a more just society. In this study, as with his earlier works, the theory is used to suggest that intergroup competition over scarce resources creates both ingroup loyalty (stronger identification and attachment to the ingroup) and outgroup hostility (prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup). Although some identities are essentially permanent, the degree to which we are aware of them, also known as salience, changes. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The terms we most often use to categorize sexual orientation are heterosexual, gay, lesbian, and bisexual. We know there isnt only one way to speak English, but there have been movements to identify a standard. Address people who have disabilities by their first names only when extending the same familiarity to all others. 1988. Interpersonal communication is better than impersonal communication. While females make up 75 percent of the educational workforce, only 22 percent of superintendents and 8 percent of high school principals are women. Much has changed for people with disabilities in the United States in the past fifty years. (Never patronize people who use wheelchairs by patting them on the head or shoulder.). A male participant in a research project on identity said the following about redefining his male identity: I dont want to assert my maleness the same way that maleness is asserted all around us all the time. Notably, intergroup contact theory is introduced here, which explores how hostile groups can improve relations via communication. New York: Ginn. If someone is biracial or multiracial, they may change their racial identification as they engage in an identity search. Live close to 1 year longer than those who are socially isolated. I usually only have a few, if any, who do. Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. As you will see in the timeline that follows, the medical community has a recent history of treating homosexuality with means that most would view as inhumane today. For example, people opposed to political and social equality for women cited their supposed physical, intellectual, and psychological flaws, deficits, and deviations from the male norm. They framed women as emotional, irrational, and unstable, which was used to put them into the scientific category of feeblemindedness, which led them to be institutionalized (Carlson, 2001). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. b. See Table 3.3 Developments Related to Ability, Identity, and Communication for a timeline of developments related to ability, identity, and communication. This has also created a backlash, which some scholars argue is tied more to the race of the immigrants than the language they speak and a fear that white America could be engulfed by other languages and cultures (Speicher, 2002). Employs a social psychological approach to examine the relationship between ingroup attachment and outgroup hostility. Social identities are components of self that are derived from our involvement in social groups to which we are interpersonally invested. I once attended a workshop about ability privilege led by a man who was visually impaired. The way we communicate about race in our regular interactions has also changed, and many people are still hesitant to discuss race for fear of using the wrong vocabulary. According to the textbook, critics have argued that Trace the historical development and construction of the four cultural identities discussed. In either case, many people never progress from this stage. Why do you think the media portrays sexuality and identity the way it does? Looking in Looking Out Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet a callback function that ensures a continuous authentication state (ideal e.g. Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, Table 8.1 Personal, Social, and Cultural Identities, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1615183,00.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/census-data-reveals-changed-american-landscape/story?id=13206427, http://www.opm.gov/hrd/lead/policy/divers97.asp#PART%20B, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/19/AR2008011901899_pf.html, Next: 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In fact, hierarchy and domination, although prevalent throughout modern human history, were likely not the norm among early humans. Think of an instance in which you had an interaction with someone with a disability. If so, what are your uncertainties? Psychological noise. There is no such thing as the "same" message; words and behaviors are different each time they are spoken or performed. ERIC - EJ1218039 - Engineering Identity and Communication Outcomes Its primary contribution is the idea that ingroups seek to positively distinguish themselves from outgroups, which gives rise to social competition in which ingroups engage in comparisonsemphasizing certain attributes or achievementsthat favor the ingroup over other groups. The relationship between communication and culture is a very complex and intimate one. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) includes which of the following? How we communicate, as well as how our communication is received by others, can be shaped by our identities and the identities of others. The first stage is unexamined identity, which is characterized by a lack of awareness of or lack of interest in ones identity. We dont only see similarities and differences on an individual level. Sumner, W.G. 1906. By 2030, racial and ethnic minorities will account for one-third of the population (Allen, 2011). This design offers multiple benefits: Reuses existing identities from your identity management system. Personal identities are components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connect to our individual interests and life experiences. Communicators who strive to acquire a large number of "friends" on social networking websites are engaging in superficial, impersonal relationships. Corporate communication is the perception of a company by creating a brand identity and maintaining communication with the general public. Social Identity Theory and Communication - Communication - Oxford - obo This sends an implicit message that boys are more worthy of attention and valuable than girls. The instrumental aspect of the communication. Also at this time, Greek poet Sappho wrote about love between women. Keeps your identities private in Azure Communication Services. For the Africans, their visitors identity as American is likely more salient than her identity as someone of African descent. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships.
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