The same is true of a crossbow arrow. The IBO standard began as a means to regulate archery competitions, but the majority of bow companies have adopted its guidelines to standardize the measurement ofarrowspeed for the purposes of setting bow specifications. FPS calculators (Frame per Second) work by using large databases of FPS records for various processors and graphic cards. The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. A heavy arrow will produce a great deal of arrow momentum even at the price of arrow speed, but will eventually go down as arrow speed decreases. You decide to use 400 grain arrows, and using our FPS guide you calculate the point-blank speed of your arrow to be 240 FPS. Every inch of draw length above 30 will add 10 feet per second to the IBO value. . Momentum: 0.111 slugs. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. Arrow speed is determined by your bows IBO speed (fps), your draw weight (in pounds lbs)), your draw length (in inches), the arrows total weight (in grains), and the weight of what is on the bowstring (in grains) as outlined above. IBO Speed (feet per second) You are welcome to share it, as long as you mention www.bestcrossbowsource.com as the original source of the data / research. So, the closer you can get to your target, the more kinetic energy your arrow will have. For a more detailed explanation, check the notes below the calculator. So the important question right now is: how much does initial arrow speed drop as its weight goes up? The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Practice has proved that shooting with a faster crossbow reduces or entirely eliminates the probability of this. For every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, subtract 1 fps from the IBO value. Then, the more draw weight you use to pull, the quicker an arrow will fly and the more kinetic energy it will have. And remember, in bowhunting speed is good but it is far from everything. The trick is to balance speed (and range finding forgiveness) with arrow mass and penetration potential. Created by the International Bowhunter's Organization, the IBO speed is given as a speed value in feet per second (fps or ft/s), and the higher this number is, the higher the speed that could be achieved with that particular bow. When you properly sight-in your crossbow for hunting you want to have a flat trajectory, the flatter the better. To exaggerate to make a point, a one-pound arrow would plummet to the ground the minute it left your barrel. All Rights Reserved. Do 100 FPS make such an impactful difference? If this tool does not calculate, please refresh the page and try again. Notice that at 250 FPS this value cannot be achieved. Some of you might be in the position of owning an older model and wondering if upgrading to a 400 FPS+ model would have a great impact on your hunting experience. Mike is a Veteran who served 21 years in the U.S. Army and retired as a Sergeant Major from the 5th Special Forces Group. To correctly calculate kinetic energy, use the following formula: 1/2 Mass (Arrow Weight in grains divided by 2) x Velocity squared (Arrow Speed x Arrow Speed (in fps from the above formula)) / 225218 The result of this formula is calculated in foot-pounds (ft-lbs). arrow weight can seriously affect the speed, Arrow Speed, Kinetic Energy, and Momentum (Penetration) Calculator, Draw Length Calculator: Get Accurate Results Fast, Arrow FOC Calculator: Measure & Calculate FOC Fast, How to Buy Arrows for a Compound Bow (The Right Way), Arrow Weight Calculator: Optimize Your Arrows for Hunting, Understanding Arrow Spine and Spine Deflection for Hunting, Large Game (elk, black bear, wild boar, etc. For more information on understanding arrow weight and FOC click here. If you open any online store that is selling them, you'd see that the speed of the arrows (measured in FPS or feet per second) that are launched by each listed model is their most prominent feature. Draw length: A longer draw length creates a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy. So when you see a certain crossbow rated at 350 FPS, for example, this was most likely calculated using a 400, maybe 425 grain arrow. Ever wonder exactly how much kinetic energy is released by an arrow, based on its initial speed and distance traveled? This should set your correct arrow speed and make the ballistics calculator work for you. When using the calculator above, input your values and then compare them to those values in the tables below. Two main ways in which speed affects precision: First, faster arrows have flatter trajectory, meaning they drop less as they fly toward their target. The calculator assumes average air density and air viscosity. We are working to correct this issue. What is the maximum range for a crossbow? Moisture and rain will slow the arrow's flight. Total string accessory weights in grains (peep, tube, silencers, etc.). Please keep in mind that this approach will only give you close estimates, and that it becomes a less accurate the further out we go (I wouldnt suggest using it for anything beyond 70 yards, which is far beyond what youll be hunting from anyway). As the arrow travels downrange it is constantly slowing down and dropping toward the ground, the further it travels, the faster it falls to the ground. You can measure arrow speed using optical chronographs, Doppler chronographs, or laptop-based audio applications. The speed of your arrow will determine how flat of a trajectory your arrow has at short and long distances and how much arc is needed to travel large distances. If you look at the above chart you will notice that from 250 F.P.S. A longer draw length results in a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy that then is transferred to the arrow. Nevertheless, most archers do not use these exact parameters. Heavy arrows, coupled with the right speed for your target animal, optimized by a high FOC, can accomplish a lot more than a light, fast arrow. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. ), Toughest Game (cape buffalo, grizzly, musk ox, etc. Using multiple chronographs positioned at varying distances and heights, we calculated the drop in projectile speed at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 yards. They see a bows IBO speed rating listed, and assume they will get that raw arrow speed, or maybe a little better if they buy that bow. How to determine the optimal shooting range for my crossbow? For every 3 grains of additional weight on the bowstring, subtract 1 fps from the IBO value. An arrows momentum is defined by how much force is required to stop an object. Keep in mind that most IBO ratings are not real-world numbers. A 10 ft-lbs difference in KE can potentially result in a noticeable difference in the arrows ability to effectively penetrate the animal and cause a humane kill. Mine hits dead nuts from 30 out to 135 yards. Before we see how to calculate bow speed, let's go through the main factors that influence the arrow speed to better understand how the actual speed is determined: Draw weight DDD This is the force required to pull a bow, expressed in pounds. The gravitational constant (g) is the acceleration due to gravity, which is 32.174 feet per second per second at sea level. Thus, when a manufacturer touts its bow as having a speed of, say, 350 fps, the truth is that a hunting weight arrow of 400-450 grains from that same bow will initially leave the bow much slower especially if the draw weight and draw length are significantly reduced. Arrow Velocity Arrow Mass Your kinetic energy is 0 foot pounds, and your momentum is 0 slug FPS. Point Blank Range; Point blank range when sighting in a crossbow is the first point at which the line of sight intersects with the arrows path in the arrows trajectory arc. Keep reading to learn how to use our calculator and how to optimize your arrow for your hunting needs. You can use the results obtained from this archery calculator in the projectile motion calculator to analyze the arrow's path. SHORT STROKES. In general, all three methods can be used with equal success as there is little difference in measured speed. Be careful with increasing string weight, as it is equally important to string the bow comfortably. Meaning that we can increase the speed by simply using a lighter shaft or broadhead, but that would actually reduce the penetration potential of the arrow because momentum is mostly affected by the weight of the projectile. To calculate your arrow's kinetic energy you need to know two variables: 1) your total finished arrow weight in grains, and 2) the velocity of your arrow. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. Given enough time, deer would duck in preparation for a big jump. One thing to remember is that while kinetic energy provides the impact of your arrow on your intended target, what it doesnt necessarily provide is information on your arrows ability to penetrate and travel through your target. Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. This average will get most bowswithin a few percent of real-world speeds. If you use the chart above to compare kinetic energy between a 350 FPS and a 300 FPS crossbow, youll notice that the first one delivers significantly more KE at 50 yards, than the second crossbow does at even 10 yards! How far can you shoot a crossbow? We operate independently and do not provide Sponsored content. While it is based on the bow speed IBO specification, you can input the individual settings of your bow. For every inch of draw length under 30, subtract 10 ft/s from the IBO value. The chart below demonstrates the minimum, as well as recommended, kinetic energy, for hunting different-sized game. 575 grain arrows will fly at ~84% of initial speed You will find that most modern bows are more than capable of killing most game animals. By drawing your bow, you convert mechanical energy (ME) and store it as potential energy (PE) in the bow limbs. For the least effort, draw your bow, aim at the top bullseye with your top pin, and check to see if from 50 yards your 50-yard pin, for example, coordinates with the bullseye covering your 50-yard group. I remember when I first started bowhunting; it was right around the time I became a teenager. In the calculator below, we measure this in slugs. *NOTE: The calculator below will provide you with an estimate based on your inputs. If you change the values on your draw weight, draw length, and arrow weight; you will see how these changes impact your arrow speed, kinetic energy, and momentum. Knowing how your arrow speed changes with the increase in arrow weight, you can now easily figure out the new kinetic energy: For instance, if you know your crossbow shoots your current 400 grain arrows with a speed of 400 FPS, our chart above tells you to expect 124.8 ft-lb of kinetic energy at 30 yards. A properly balanced arrow measurements of 7 to 15%. This is because the IBO speeds are determined under a set of particular conditions: Then, for comparing bow speeds, you'll need tomaintain these factors constant. As the older bows were less efficient out of the box, they naturally have more room for improvement. Finally, using our arrow ballistics calculator (which requires that both arrow speed and mass are known) we determined the values plotted in the chart below. My bow stayed the same: 60-pounds at 27.5-inches of draw. Putting it all into perspective. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Try our arrow speed calculator below! there is very little difference in trajectory when you sight in at the recommended distance that is supplied with most crossbows. Here are a few rules of thumb to remember: The Kinetic Energy and Momentum Calculators here use the gravitational constant to give you the best results for kinetic energy and momentum. But because these are rarely the conditions under which every archer will be using their bow, then comes the question: what the actual speed of my arrow is? What allows an arrow to ethically and effectively kill wild game is a combination of kinetic energy and momentum. Bow Manufacturer IBO Speed (ft/sec) Draw Weight (lbs) Draw Length (inches) Arrow Weight (grains) Weight Added to String (grains) (20gr = peep only, 45gr = peep and tube) Arrow Speed 0 ft/sec 0 mph Arrow Kinetic Energy 0 ft-lbs. The arrow speed calculator makes it easy to estimate the speed of an arrow! If you know your arrow's weight (in grains) and your arrow's speed (Feet Per Second), then you can use our Kinetic Energy and Momentum calculator above to find out each! The values in the table below come from the following bow and its associated settings. If it doesn't, adjust your 50-yard pin until it centers on the 50-yard bullseye when you're at full draw. Plan. This measurement results from the relative weights of the components used in the arrow: shaft, insert, point, fletching and nock. In the table below, you will see some base values there already, they are there to show you an example of a real-world situation with real values and what they look like when compared to a mid-range bow and mid-range set of arrows. What is important, is understanding how this impacts the arrow you choose to buy and use when hunting, along with the broadheads you use. The optical chronograph is insensitive to shooting distance, but shooting errors can destroy the chronograph. The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. 4. Every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. Keep in mind that most IBO ratings are not real-world numbers. The crossbow community has been obsessed with velocity ever since the resurgence of the crossbow as a viable weapon for hunting. When you look at this and compare it to the table above, you can calculate what the right arrow can accomplish after you shoot it. Crossbow Kinetic Energy Chart, Calculations, Hunting Requirements, Compare expected FPS across over 120 crossbows, Arrow Ballistics Calculator Kinetic Energy, Drop, Speed, Momentum, Crossbow Arrow Drop Charted Test Results, Best Hunting Crossbow For The Money in 2020. This is as close as it gets to what your arrows will deliver in the field, though keep in mind that our tests were conducted at an indoor range to avoid wind and weather fluctuations which can impact arrow behavior, so actual kinetic energy values in the field can and probably will vary slightly from what we arrived at in our tests. When you pull the trigger most of that PE is transferred to the arrow and converted to kinetic energy (KE), which propels it downrange. For every inch you reduce, the draw length reduces around 10 fps of your bow speed. Scope sights have an advantage as they can easily be raised higher above the flight rail by simply installing higher rings, when this is done the crossbow will sight-in differently and appear to have a flatter trajectory, which is a good thing. Corrected IBO Example - A 70#/29" bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with . Power stroke is the length between the crossbow's string in its full-draw position and at rest point. Once you have this figure, you can calculate the kinetic energy produced by your bow. But it cannot. Arrow flight time till impact at 44 yards, approximately 4/10 of a second. Kinetic Energy & Momentum Calculator Find out the kinetic energy of your arrow or bolt using the following simple calculator. Copyright 2023 | DRCMedia LLC | All Rights Reserved, Scout. FOC stands for Front of Center balance point. When a crossbow is said to shoot at 300 FPS, that means that, when the arrow leaves the flight rail, it would travel 300 feet in the span of one second if it could constantly maintain its momentum and trajectory. If you want to learn more about momentum and how to calculate it, we have a dedicated momentum calculator that you might enjoy! There are a few more things that impact how fast your arrow is traveling after you shoot. To find the distance that your arrow will travel, you can use the projectile motion calculator. You should be able to successfully harvest Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. Even at 275 FPS you only get close to it at 10 yards out. - 400 F.P.S. 525 grain arrows will fly at ~87.8% of initial speed ), Any additional weight on your bowstring (nock loop, peep, etc.). While it is based on the bow speed IBO specification, you can input the individual settings of your bow. Do you really need a multi range sight for trajectory compensation. Bow/Arrow Speed Calculator (Estimate from IBO/ATA) This calculator will estimate the speed of the bow/arrow based on the speed rating of the manufacturer and individual setup of the bow. That's a tough question to answer. The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. You will need to provide total arrow weight and initial speed for the calculation to be effective, as well as some other optional info (see below). To properly calculate kinetic energy, use the following formula: 1/2 Mass (Arrow Weight in grains divided by 2) x Velocity squared (Arrow Speed x Arrow Speed (in fps from the above formula)) / 225218 - The result of this formula is calculated in foot-pounds (ft-lbs). Thus these values of speed, momentum, and kinetic energy, are only valid within a specific distance range. Generally bows will put slightly more energy into heavier arrows, so the actual speed you get with a heavier arrow will probably be a little higher than this formula calculates. Now, enter the Draw length of the bow. Because there is a huge difference between shooting a deer with a 300 FPS crossbow and a 400 FPS (or faster) model. So to what extent the arrow velocity affects the effectiveness of this type of weapon? To make the change inarrow, I went back to ourArrow Efficiency Calculator. The arrow must be 28" in length and supported at each end of the arrow. For example, a 500 spine arrow bends .5 inches when the weight is applied. For every inch of draw length under 30, subtract 10 feet per second (fps) from the IBO-rated speed value. Draw length LLL This is the distance that the string is pulled back. We strongly advise that you stick with the recommended values to maintain lots of room for error, particularly if youre new to hunting. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). As the arrow moves through space, the kinetic energy drops. For every inch of draw length above 30, add 10 fps to the IBO value. (That lowers the reticle in the scope, meaning you have to raise the crossbow back to POA) If it hits high, increase your FPS in your profile settings until the arrow drops into the slot. Speed is needed to make the arrow arrive at its target quickly, but arrow speed is not what kills the animals you shoot with your bow. Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrow's initial kinetic energy. For more information on Kinetic Energy and Momentum, please see Kinetic Energy, Momentum and Arrows Enter the arrow weight (grains) Enter the arrow speed (fps) Momentum = Kinetic Energy = Archery Report Sites Archery Report Archery Calculator Copyright 2023 The Everyday Bow Hunter. If you were to shoot a 500 grain arrow from the exact same crossbow, its initial speed would be roughly 90% of 350, or around 315 FPS. Now check the distance and estimate the speed below: If you are using a recurve bow, arrows can travel at up to 225 feet per second (fps) or 150mph, while arrows from a compound bow travel at up to 300 fps (200mph). Which results in easier aiming and thus, in improved precision. There are several factors that go into the arrow speed equation. The Archery & Crossbow Ballistic Calculator is an easy-to-use tool for calculating the flight path, the velocity and the energy of crossbow and bow arrows. Draw length: A longer draw length creates a longer power stroke than a shorter draw length, allowing the bow to store more energy. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. of draw weight. of KE. We have not done very precise tests to figure this out (we will update this post when we do), however a very close estimate would be to assume the following. As of 2021, crossbow speeds range between 300 FPS and 500 FPS. To properly calculate momentum, use the following formula: Mass (Arrow Weight in grains) x Velocity (Arrow Speed (in fps)) / 225218 The result of this formula is calculated in slugs. For your reference, an estimated peep only weight is 20 grains, and a peep + tube is 45 total grains. For whitetail deer this requirement is lower any crossbow 250 FPS and up will be a safe pick. Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrows initial kinetic energy. Which means that if you want to be able to reliably hit live targets at 40 yards, you better have a crossbow that is able to launch arrows at 400 FPS or more. Heavy longbow arrows will move slower due to their weight. The chart below, and the research conducted is copyrighted material and is the property of BestCrossbowSource. 1 slug equals 32.174 ft-lbs. View Results* Dark Blue: Optimal arrow weight. It's measured by applying an 880-gram weight to the arrow, suspended from the center of the shaft. Every 3 grains of additional weight on the bow string will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. All Rights Reserved. A fast arrow has the flattest trajectory possible, and thats a good thing, for several reasons, the biggest being the leeway in aiming at a distant target at an unknown range. Notice that our recommendation for elk hunting is 65 ft-lbs of kinetic energy (this is a conservative value, you can get away with less). At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. But that rarely happens, and heres why. *This Calculator Was Developed With The Help of The Ashby Bow Foundation*. Kinetic Energy: 5.55 foot-pounds. Example - A 70#/29" bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. As the older bows were less efficient out of the box, they naturally have more room for improvement. Three main factors determine how fast a crossbow will shoot: power stroke, draw weight and arrow weight. Calculate arrow fps speed How fast does my arrow travel. 500 grain arrows will fly at ~90% of initial speed The second conclusion is that this drawback of shooting slow weapons can be remedied to a good extent by simply reducing the distance we attempt shots at. In the majority of cases once a peep is added the speed will only be a few fps off but the ratings of some bows are significantly off. *Slugs can be converted to Pound-Seconds by multiplying the result from the above formula by 32.174. This is what we included: The IBO speed is used as a standardized speed rating for bows. The rule of thumb was that for every added inch of draw length, you increase raw arrow speed by approximately 10-15 fps. It will give you a rough idea of how fast an arrow travels after changing the bow from the recommended specifications. This is very misleading as to what a true high performance crossbow will do when sighted in properly for deer hunting. Models at the high end of this spectrum tend to cost a lot so we should be pretty confident the top velocities bring equally impressive results before spending the cash. The speed decreases exponentially as the arrow travels. During my teens, I spent countless hours with my dad in our archery shop, buildingarrows, tuning bows, and then testing their performance right outside in our backyard.
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